A History of the Eiffel Tower

A History of the Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower is the most outwardly renowned structure in France, maybe in Europe, and has seen more than 200 million guests. However it wasn’t expected to be changeless and the reality it despite everything stands is down to an eagerness to acknowledge new innovation which was the way the thing came to be worked in any case. Inceptions of the Eiffel Tower In 1889 France held the Universal Exhibition, a festival of present day accomplishment planned to harmonize with the main century of the French Revolution. The French government held an opposition to plan a â€Å"iron tower† to be raised at the passageway to the display on the Champ-de-Mars, halfway to make an amazing encounter for guests. One hundred and seven plans were submitted, and the champ was one by specialist and business person Gustav Eiffel, supported by planner Stephen Sauvestre and designers Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier. They won since they were happy to enhance and make a genuine proclamation of goal for France. The Eiffel Tower Eiffel’s tower was to be not normal for anything yet constructed: 300 meters tall, around then the most noteworthy man-made structure on earth, and worked of a latticework of created iron, a material whose huge scope creation is currently equal with the mechanical upset. Be that as it may, the plan and nature of the material, utilizing metal curves and supports, implied the pinnacle could be light and â€Å"see-through†, as opposed to a strong square, hold still its quality. Its development, which started on January 26th 1887, was quick, moderately modest and accomplished with a little workforce. There were 18,038 pieces and more than 2,000,000 bolts. The Tower depends on four enormous columns, which structure a square 125 meters along each side, before ascending and joining into a focal pinnacle. The bending idea of the columns implied the lifts, which were themselves a generally ongoing innovation, must be deliberately planned. There are seeing stages at a few levels, and individuals can venture out to the top. Portions of the extraordinary bends are entirely stylish. The structure is painted (and re-painted routinely). Resistance and Skepticism The Tower is presently viewed as an authentic achievement in plan and development, a showstopper for its day, the beginning of another unrest in building. At that point, notwithstanding, there was restriction, not least from individuals frightened at the stylish ramifications of such an enormous structure on the Champ-de-Mars. On February fourteenth 1887, while development was progressing, an announcement of objection was given by â€Å"personalities from the universe of expressions and letters†. Others were wary that the task would work: this was another methodology, and that consistently brings issues. Eiffel needed to battle his corner however was effective and the pinnacle proceeded. Everything would lay on whether the structure really worked... The Opening of the Eiffel Tower On March 31st, 1889 Eiffel moved to the highest point of the pinnacle and lifted a French banner at the top, opening the structure; different notables tailed him up. It remained the most elevated structure on the planet until the Chrysler building was done in New York in 1929, is as yet the tallest structure in Paris. The structure and arranging was a triumph, with the pinnacle intriguing. Enduring Impact The Eiffel Tower was initially intended to represent twenty years yet has kept going longer than a century, because of Eiffel’s ability to utilize the pinnacle in examinations and advancements in remote telecommunication, permitting the mounting of reception apparatuses. In fact, the Tower was at one point due to be torn down however stayed after it started broadcasting signals. In 2005 this convention was proceeded with when Paris’ first computerized TV signals were communicated from the Tower. Nonetheless, since its development the Tower has accomplished an enduring social effect, first as an image of advancement and development, at that point as of Paris and France. Media of different kinds has utilized the Tower. Its practically unfathomable that anybody would attempt to thump down the pinnacle now, as its one of the most popular structures on the planet and a simple marker for movies and TV to utilize.

Tesco, Focussing on Its Environmental Analysis Essay Example

Tesco, Focussing on Its Environmental Analysis Paper One case of Tests adjusting is to oblige an expanded interest for natural items. Innovative Factors Technology is a significant component which has affected the improvement of a large number of the Tests items. The new advances advantage the two clients and the organization: consumer loyalty increments since merchandise are accessible, administrations can turn out to be progressively customized and shopping increasingly advantageous. Tests uses these advances: * Wireless gadgets * Intelligent scale * Electronic rack marking * Self registration machine * Radio Frequency Identification (REID). The utilization of Electronic Point of Sale (Eposes) has improved effectiveness of circulation and loading, with needs being imparted nearly progressively to the provider (Finch, 2004). Natural Factors In 2003, there have been expanded weight on organizations and administrators to recognize their obligation to society, and act in a way which benefits society by and large (Lingered and Hinged, 2003). Grassier and Scott (2004) express that in 2003 government proposed to dispatch a technique for supportable utilization and creation to cut waste lessen utilization of assets and limit natural harm. Collative Factors Various government enactments and arrangements have direct effect on Testes execution. Most enormous stores has fabricated their capacity because of working effectiveness, one-quit shopping. This has affected on little customary shops, similar to butchers and pastry specialists. This makes hindrance for new organizations needing to enter the basic food item showcase since its hard to raise adequate capital in light of huge fixed expenses and created gracefully chains. Different boundaries are economies Of scale and separation accomplished by Tests and USDA through forceful operational strategies in item advancement, advancements and great appropriation. Haggling Power of Suppliers Stores like Tests haggle better special costs from providers that little fastens can't do[ Ritz (2005)]. Consequently, UK providers are gladdened by the capacity of enormous retailers to source their items from abroad at less expensive arrangements. Haggling Power of Customers Decos well known devotion card Cellular is best client maintenance procedure that builds productivity of Decos. It helps address client issues, redoing administration guarantee low costs, better decisions, consistent progression of in-store advancements empowers Tests to control and hold clients. We will compose a custom article test on Tesco, Focussing on Its Environmental Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Tesco, Focussing on Its Environmental Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Tesco, Focussing on Its Environmental Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Danger of Substitutes General replacement decreases interest for a particular item, as there is a danger of buyers changing to the choices Porter M. (1980). In this industry this is as item for-item or substitute. Haggling Power of Competitors I-J basic food item retailers has must be imaginative to keep up and increment piece of the pie. For Tests this incorporates improvement of various exchanging techniques I. E. E-retailing, in light of changes in purchaser conduct. After close assessment of outside investigation of Tests and SOOT examination in Appendix 1, it is a great idea to consider inner operational adequacy of Tests to distinguish Decos basic achievement factors. Marking and Reputation Companies need to concentrate on selling brands before the item. Tests has recovered the fundamental brand into the particular brands, through deliberately marked bundling and advancement of an each penny checks. Tests has a solid brand picture, and is known for acceptable quality, dependable products that is fantastic worth. Provider Management Tests does sources products from abroad makers who are serious on cost and volumes. Anyway Tests have been supporting British employments and aptitude by urging huge marked providers to create selective creation offices. In any case, lately the organization has understands the need to search abroad for items not accessible in ELK, however attempted to do it through since quite a while ago settled UK accomplices. As a significant retailer selling various item run, they work with a wide range of providers around the globe, with representatives from a wide range of societies and ethnic gatherings. Subsequently, it is the organization arrangement and companys principle way to deal with have one of a kind associations with providers. Examination OF RESOURCES, COMPETENCE AND CULTURE SOOT Analysis Tests is focused on the wide center mass-showcase, it has kept up its situation through a reasonable center, all around focused item offer and magnificent record in item development. Tests likewise drives the world in online basic food item retailing. The full SOOT examination of Tests is introduced in Appendix 1, summing up the key issues from the business condition and the vital capacity, including assets of Tests that are destined to affect on technique advancement. Center Competence Superior execution, as per Johnson and Schools (2003), must be controlled by the manner by which companys assets are utilized to make skill in the hierarchical exercises. Center capabilities are exercises that fundamentally support the companys upper hand. The objective for Tests the board is to concentrate on capabilities that truly influence upper hand. Center capabilities structure recommends three components, which can assist with distinguishing center abilities: Provide potential access to a wide assortment of business sectors: empowers the formation of new items and administrations. Tests is perceived as the organization, giving the most exclusively utilized and productive help, in view of a decent client relationship the board. Makes a critical commitment conveying a crucial client advantage: Tests was the principal UK food merchant to dispatch a faithfulness card and has been the best. Finch (2004) claims that up to this point, it was the Only merchant to utilize the data to mail clients consistently. Hard for contenders to mirror features the requirement for a center ability to be seriously interesting. This showed the significance of item separation. Applying this structure to Tests demonstrates that so as to be fruitful it needs to put together its business methodology with respect to these capacities. In the outer condition, the degree of rivalry isn't totally under the retailers control, notwithstanding, to contend adequately Tests need to distinguish its center capabilities and use them for companys advantage. DECOS STRATEGIC OPTIONS: GENERIC STRATEGIES Generic Strategies created by Porter assistance Tests to recognize supportable upper hand they ought to follow. The system of cost authority is the place Tests can endeavor to have the most minimal expenses and offer its items and administrations to an expansive market at the least costs. This methodology depends on Decos capacity to control their working expenses with the goal that they can value their items seriously and have the option to produce high net revenues, thusly having a huge upper hand. In the event that Tests utilizes another system of separation, than it needs to attempt to offer administrations and items with novel highlights that clients esteem. The last system of Ochs can be either a cost initiative or separation technique pointed toward a limited, centered market. In seeking after a cost initiative technique Tests centers around the making of inner efficiencies that will assist them with withstanding outside weights. Determination In a quickly changing business condition with a high contenders pressure Tests need to receive new procedures or differentiated the current so as to continue its driving business sector position. The organization should continually adjust to the quick evolving conditions. Methodology definition ought to in this way be viewed as a procedure of ceaseless realizing, which incorporates finding out about he objectives, the impact of potential activities towards these objectives and how to actualize and execute these activities. Reference section 1 . Sediment ANALYSIS: TESTS Source: Minute Report, Denominator Reports, Tests Case Studies Strengths expanding piece of the pie: Tests holds a 13% portion of the UK retail showcase. Its multi-position ability implies that it will keep on developing offer in food, while expanding space commitment from hypermarkets will permit it to drive a higher offer in non-food. Decos general development and ROI give no indication Of subsiding: In the KICK, Decos late 2002 speculation into West-midlands based peacefulness store bunch T;S was charged as the most forceful move into the local market by a major name retailer up until this point. The arrangement has transformed Tests into the countrys second greatest comfort store chain after the Co-employable Group, and the organization likewise plans to open up 59 new stores in the UK this year. Tests has developed its non-food division to the degree that its incomes currently complete 23% of absolute gathering profit. Decos worldwide business section is developing consistently, and is anticipated to contribute almost a fourth of gathering benefits throughout the following five years. In the event that geological spread elements to develop, this will guarantee Decos proceeded with provincial quality. Protection: In financial 2003 Tests individual Finance arrived at the achievement Of one million engine protection arrangements, making it the quickest developing engine protection supplier ever. The gatherings moment travel protection permits Cellular holders to purchase their vacation protection advantageously at the checkout. Pet protection currently has more than 330,000 felines and canines secured, while the extra security strategy followed on from the achievement of a year ago, when it was casted a ballot The Most Competitive Life Insurance Provider in the Moneybags Awards 2003. Tests on the web: Tests. Mother is the universes greatest online market and this year the gathering had deals of over IEEE million, an expansion of 29% on a year ago. T

Talking About Sex When Youre Married

Talking About Sex When You're Married Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Talking About Sex When Youre Married By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 SolStock/E/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Although many experts believe that a majority of marriages today are in distress because of financial reasons, problems with sex and sexuality rank high, too. In fact, the topic of sex is the number one problem discussed in online relationship forums. It seems easier to talk to a stranger online than to your own partner. These conversations can bring up a log of anxiety in you and cause you to avoid having them altogether. Know that there are some strategies to make these talks easier and you are likely to find it worth the effort.   Being able to talk about sex with your partner is important for sexual satisfaction. Research has found that couples who have strong  sexual communication are actually more satisfied with their sex lives.?? When Is the Right Time to Talk About Sex Problems? Do not talk about sexual problems in your bedroom or at bedtime. Pick a more neutral location. Make sure the kids are not in earshot!Do not talk about sex right after having sex. Again, pick a more neutral time as well.  Do not blindside your spouse. If you want to talk about sexual problems, let your spouse know (without placing blame) that you think the two of you need to have a talk about your sexual intimacy. Set up a time to have the talk. How to Talk About Sex Problems There are some steps you can take to help make conversations about sex easier for both of you: Start Slow Have a soft start to the conversation. Begin with your goal to feel closer and connected with your spouse. Avoid blaming.  Skip criticisms and focus on things you can both do to make your sex life more fulfilling. Focus on Intimacy Remember that affection and intimacy are just as important as the frequency of sex.?? There are ways to build intimacy and feel more connected beyond intercourse, so be sure to talk about your needs for other types of affection as well. Skip the Surprises If you do not want to create more problems in your  sex life, dont purchase any  sex advice books  or sex toys  without discussing the issue with your spouse first. It is important that you are both on the same page, so you should always initiate those conversations first before springing any surprises on your partner. Talk about what you both might enjoy and fantasies you might have. If you do decide to introduce some of these into your relationship, research your options together. Express Yourself Talk with one another about your expectations, your fears, your desires, your concerns, and be honest. It is critical to talk about your innermost  feelings  about this.   Do not be afraid to talk about what you like sexually and what you dont like. Your comfort level is quite important to satisfying sex life.   Talk Often Realize that you may have to have a few conversations and not just one long conversation.  This is not a one-time conversation but should be an ongoing discussion and a normal part of your relationship. Research has found that talking to your partner about sex is linked to greater relationship satisfaction.?? Understand Your Style Explore with one another your sexual styles. All couples have these styles or moods at some point in time during their married lives: Spiritual:  This is a union of mind,  body, and soul that reflects your deep appreciation of being with one another. It can be created by noticing the small moments in your lives.Funny:  This style is when you can laugh and tease one another in bed. It is about having fun together. There  is  a light and playful undertone.  Angry:  This is making love even when youre ticked off at each other. This style can be healing. However, be sure that your problems are eventually talked about and resolved.Lusty:  This style is wicked and flirty. You may be giving each other seductive looks  or doing a quickie.  This is also about the joy of having sex just for the sake of sex.Tender:  This style is the gentle, romantic, healing sex that involves massages, light touches, and ministering to one another. You both are into the sensations of sex and focus on giving each other pleasure.  Fantasy:  The fantasy style is a collaboration between the two of you to be daring and to experiment a bit. Be car eful about sharing your personal  sexual fantasies  with one another. If you do decide to share your fantasies with your spouse, the two of you need to set guidelines and honor each others limits. It has been said that Good lovers are made, not born. If you truly want your sexual relationship to be all that it can be, you should take the time to talk with one another.   Communication  is an important part of great sex.?? This conversation is necessary for all couplesâ€"whether you are  newlyweds  or older, long-married couples.  Having a healthy sex life is a great gift and a gift to be enjoyed and nurtured. It is what makes a marriage specialâ€"more than just a platonic relationship.   Why You Shouldnt Worry About Masturbation in Your Relationship

Biological Explanations of Criminal Behavior - 1430 Words

Biological Explanations of Criminal Behavior Nature and nurture contribute to the way a person behaves. This can be applied to the behaviors of criminals. According to Fishbein (1990, pg.37), â€Å"behavior [is] primarily attributed to inherited predispositions and genetic influences.† Nurture is the environmental influence that shape human behavior (Fishbein, 1990, pg.37). Human genetics and environmental factors contribute to the uniqueness to a person’s behavior. However, there are underlying qualities in a criminal’s historical background. Aspects of the nature and nurturing of a criminal behavior includes some problems with earlier biological explanations and some recent biological explanations which have overcome the weaknesses of†¦show more content†¦The classical school and positive school were considered as early biological explanations to the development of criminal minds. According to Sacco and Kennedy (2008, pg.116) the recent biological explanations are different compared to the ear lier biological explanations in several ways. The recent explanation is concentrated more on genetic factors. Additionally, â€Å"the impact of biological factors is mediated by the social environment† (Sacco amp; Kennedy, 2008, pg.116). There are four main approaches that have overcome the weaknesses of the earlier biological explanations: the general pedigree studies, twin studies, adoption studies, and karyotype studies. The general pedigree studies involve people that are related to one another to see if they behave in similar ways. These studies show that people who manifest criminal behaviour are more likely to have offspring that do the same (Cartwright, 2009). However, evidence for the causality of criminal behaviour by genetics is lacking. Other factors that are environmental and accumulative should be considered (Cartwright, 2009). Twin studies on the other hand, avoid the problem that the pedigree studies face. In twin studies, monozygotic (MZ) twins and dizygoti c (DZ) twins are tested. According to Fishbein (1990, pg. 54), MZ twins inherit one hundred percent of their parents genes whereas DZ twins only inherit fifty percent. Studies have shown that if an MZ is involved in a criminal behavior, the otherShow MoreRelatedEssay Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmisunderstood phenomenon with no concrete evidence when it comes to human behavior. Throughout time there have been endless amounts of crime theories, few of which revolve around biological explanations. We have Cesare Lombroso and the Positive School who thought that criminals were genetically different from the rest of the general population, that they were biologically aggressive, had criminal traits and/or born as criminals. There is also William Sheldon’s theory of body types, called the somatotypeRead MoreEffectiveness of the Individual Explanation in Comparison to Social Explanation of Crime937 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual explanat ion in comparison to social explanation of crimes, I will draw upon the theory of positivism and strain. There are controversies in which evaluation is the most effective. Unquestionably, both standpoints do have it limitations and strength, I will draw upon case examples and researches of both views in order to critically assess both effectiveness in explaining the occurrence of crimes. Individual explanation of crime is an approach ought to convey that criminal behavior is solelyRead MoreWhy People Commit Crime Is Not An Easy Task1105 Words   |  5 Pagesfor criminal behavior and the factors that flow with them. Criminologists have developed many theories or perspectives of crime. The perspectives recognize the cause of crime by the related qualifies of criminals and populations with high crime rates. Two perspectives of crime stood out from the wide variety, biological and psychological. In some cases biological and psychological explanations of crime run hand in hand, however the two perspectives focus on very different products of criminal behaviorRead More Social Norms1709 Words   |  7 Pagescan be described as adjacent to criminal and improper behaviour imposed by the people who break the social norms of a society. Thus, becoming subjective to a label of deviant. Deviants often have punishment bestowed upon them by authoritive figures such as the enforcer s of law. There are many universal types of deviance throughout societys over the world such as alcoholism, addiction, mental illness and homosexuality. All of these may be a result of biological and social constructionist theoriesRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System845 Words   |  4 PagesThe criminal justice policy has many different aspects. This include the different theories of crime and how they have an impact the criminal justice system. Some of this theories are the Biological studies, Psychological theories, and last the Sociological theory all are used as different methods of explaining why crime exists. Biological theories are the biological explanations of crime. A famous theorists Cesare Lombroso, founder of the Italian school of Positivist Criminology. His biologicalRead MoreBiological and Classical School1265 Words   |  6 Pages2009, the Classical School was uninterested in studying the criminal per se; it gained its association with criminology through its focus on lawmaking and legal processing. The Positive School of criminology focused on explaining and understanding social behavior of criminals. The members of this school used the approach to the study of crime, which became known as criminology. Positivists saw behavior as determined by its biological, psychological, and social traits (Williams McShane, 2009)Read MoreA Study Of Crime Fell Into The Domain Of Metaphysicians, Penologists And Moralists1478 Words   |  6 PagesLombroso that the study of crime was turned into a biological science (Rafter, 2006). Lombroso’s main focus for the biological school of thought was that criminals do have physical characteristics that are well defined and are distinct when compared to people who abide by the law. In fact, Lombroso believed that born criminals had the physical, mental, and instincts of primitive man (earlier stage of human evolution), which meant these born criminals were unsuited for a civilized society and unlessRead MoreThe Biological Theories Of Crime Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesBiological theories of crime attempt to explain behaviors through examination of individual characteristics. Cesare Lombroso was one of the founding fathers of the biological theory of criminology, stating that criminals are biologically different from non-criminals. The biological perspective explained that crime was a characteristic of human nature. Through Lombroso’s research observing physical characteristics in Italian prisoners and soldiers, he concluded that criminals were physically differentRead MoreBiological Theories Of Criminal Beha vior844 Words   |  4 PagesBiological Theories are vastly growing with fascinating research. The main stump is concretely linking it to criminal behavior, because some theories are more relatable than others. Theories involving temperament and hormones give real life biological explanations, while others like extrovert and introvert behaviors, and neuroticism explain a weaker link to crime. However, all theories are valuable in exploring the root of crime. Temperament can be described as the natural mood disposition determinedRead MoreDeviance Essay756 Words   |  4 Pagesaction or behavior that violates social norms, including a formally enacted rule, as well as informal violations of social norms. Deviant behavior is any behavior that is contrary to the dominant norms of society. Norms are rules and expectation by which members of society are conventionally guided. Social norms differ from culture to culture. Deviance can be criminal or non-criminal. There are many different theories on what causes a person to exhibit deviant behavior. Some explanations can be biological

Bless Me, Ultima Literary Analysis Essay - 714 Words

tSam Ennis Period #4 20 September 2012 â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† by Rudolfo Anaya Literary Analysis Throughout the context of â€Å"Bless Me Ultima,† it is evident that there are many motifs and examples of dichotomy. I believe that Anaya uses the previously mentioned elements of literature in order to provoke his readers’ thinking and help embody a struggle of understanding the world we live in. Motifs in this novel include: family, dreams, religion, education, and the list continues. For examples of dichotomy, the idea of good versus evil is the most vivid in this novel. An important motif in â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† are Antonio’s dreams. His dreams foreshadow major events and make him question his beliefs, especially revolving around†¦show more content†¦Two other literary elements that Rudolfo Anaya includes in â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† are magical realism and archetypes. Magical realism can be described as something that is not necessarily real but is believable and could be considered a miracle. Archetypes are typical examples of a pe rson, place or thing. Anaya includes many examples of both not only to make the story grasp the reader more, but to guide the reader to interpret the story through their own lenses. An example of magical realism in the story is that of the Golden Carp. While many people would not consider it real, the concept is similar to the idea of god. The Golden Carp is something that Antonio considers magical and fascinating but is reluctant to believe in. At the bottom of page 113 Antonio says, â€Å"The Golden Carp came. Cico pointed and I turned to where the stream came out of the dark grotto of overhanging tree branches. At first I thought I must be dreaming.† (Anaya, Page #113). Even though he was enthusiastic to view the Golden Carp, once he saw it he had a hard time accepting its physical existence. Significant archetypes in this novel feature: Ultima as the good spirit and Antonio as the boy idol. Another important one are the girls from Rosie’s as temptresses. These girl s are the spark a lot of controversy and remain the reason for much of the sin in their town. On page 145 of chapter 14 Ernie says, â€Å"Is it true that your brother’s beenShow MoreRelatedBless Me, Ultima Literary Analysis714 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† by Rudolfo Anaya Literary Analysis Throughout the context of â€Å"Bless Me Ultima,† it is evident that there are many motifs and examples of dichotomy. I believe that Anaya uses the previously mentioned elements of literature in order to provoke his readers’ thinking and help embody a struggle of understanding the world we live in. Motifs in this novel include: family, dreams, religion, education, and the list continues. For examples of dichotomy, the idea of good versus evil isRead MoreThematic Analysis Of Bless Me, Ultima1580 Words   |  7 Pages Thematic Analysis of Conflicts in, Bless me, Ultima Differences in others aid to the stimulation of ideas and opinions that expresses an individual s personality. In Rudolfo Anaya’s bildungsroman, Bless Me, Ultima, the struggle between two families and their extreme differences cause numerous conflicts that are constantly present throughout his novel. In this chicano inspired novel, Antonio Marà ©z, the six year old protagonist, is perpetually faced with instances of dissimilarity throughoutRead More Bless Me, Ultima: The Cultural Distress Of A Young Society Essay example3164 Words   |  13 Pages Bless Me, Ultima: The Cultural Distress of a Young Society An answer to the discussion question of whether or not there is a defined border culture would need a great number of years in field research, but we can also observe a few of the characteristics of such border culture just by looking at scholastic essays and books related to the topic. Within the research that I did, I found a number of scholars who, while defining the border, mention all the specific or special characteristics of thisRead MoreAtticus, Scout, And Jem Finch2314 Words   |  10 Pagesof prejudice and to treat every â€Å"class† or â€Å"wrung on the ladder† equally. Her experiences made her a better person and, although she is still growing up, she is learning to treat everyone with respect and to treat every race kindly. Task #2- Bless Me, Ultima Many people are very fascinated and concerned with the idea of death. Antonio witnesses many deaths through his young like and as he does, it seems to shape the way he grows and understands the world, both positively and negatively. He was introducedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Holden Talks With Mr. Spencer Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis: This quote is from the part when Holden talks with Mr. Spencer. Since Holden failing all his classes except one, Mr. Spencer is advising Holden about the importance and the impact of his actions in his life. Holden’s perception of adults is depicted when he curses Mr. Spencer in his mind. By nodding silently to Mr. Spencer’s words, Holden actually disrespects adults. We can easily perceive that Holden feels alienated when Mr. Spencer tells him that he is one of those people on â€Å"the otherRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pages Bildungsroman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbÉ ªldÊŠÅ‹s.Ê oËÅ'maË n]; German: novel of formation, education, culture),[a] novel of formation, novel of education,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3]

Legal Aspects of Criminal Justice Free Essays

A criminal must be dealt with by law, he must reap what he sow.  Ã‚   However, before he is put into prison, he is guaranteed protection by the Constitution through due process of law.   According to our constitution, all men are innocent unless proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt before a court of law. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Aspects of Criminal Justice or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Before an accused is incarcerated, he must undergo several stages at different venues.   It may start from the lowest state courts and end up in the highest federal court of the land.   Each and every court that his case shall pass through has its own role and function in his prosecution or protection. For a better understanding of how the United States judicial structure works, let us envision a crime such as manslaughter committed in the state of Georgia.   I made reference to Georgia because this state’s judicial structure is typical of most of the other states’ judicial structure (Rawlings). Let us take for example Billy who allegedly killed Sam.   Before he is convicted of this crime, he must undergo a series of procedures guaranteed by the constitution to provide him with all the opportunity to defend his side. The first of the series is the initiation of the prosecution.   In this stage, there are three ways in which Billy’s prosecution may be initiated (CrimeVictimLaw), the first is when the police responds to a call that a crime is happening or has happened and upon arriving at the scene makes their own investigation. Another mode is when the victim reports to the prosecutor’s office directly which prompts the prosecutor’s office to make their own investigation.   In such instance, the prosecutor’s office may either ask the police to seek criminal charges or conduct a grand jury investigation (CrimeVictimLaw).   The grand jury, composed of 23 randomly-selected people, is going to hear the witnesses without a judge’s presence and examine the evidence gathered to decide on whether or not there is reason to believe that Billy actually committed the crime imputed on him (CrimeVictimLaw). If in this stage the investigation shows that Billy maybe guilty of killing Sam, the prosecution shall now file formal charges against Billy, otherwise Billy will be set free.   When the prosecution files its formal charges, it must identify the crime committed, in this case it may either be unlawful and dangerous manslaughter or involuntary manslaughter.   The prosecution must also show that all the elements of said crime were present. The elements of involuntary manslaughter are: (1) an unintentional killing; (2) proximately caused by either (a) an unlawful act not amounting to a felony and not ordinarily dangerous to human life, or (b) culpable negligence (North Carolina v. Hudson), whereas, the elements of unlawful or dangerous manslaughter are that (i) the defendant ‘s act must cause the death, (ii) the defendant ‘s act must be unlawful, (iii) the defendant ‘s act must be dangerous (Crimnet). The next stage of prosecution is the arraignment and bail.   In the arraignment stage, the   judge will formally inform Billy of the charges against him and give him an opportunity to enter a plea to the charge (jennifer).   Billy, t during this stage is assigned a lawyer if he has not acquired the services of a private practitioner.   Also in this stage, he can make bail.   Bail is a fixed amount of money which sole purpose is to guarantee that the defendant shall appear before the court in all scheduled hearings.   Some states release the accused on recognizance, which means that he can be released with the promise that he will return to court without posting bail. After arraignment comes the discovery and motions stage.   At this stage, the parties for both the prosecution and the defense are required to exchange information relevant to the case.   The prosecution â€Å"must disclose to the defense attorney statements of witnesses, police reports, scientific tests and any evidence that may support the defendant’s claim† (CrimeVictimLaw) that he either did not commit the crime imputed or that he has a valid and lawful reason, which in the eyes of the law is a justifying circumstance, for committing the crime.   Also in this stage, motions are filed by either party in instances where either party does not agree with the evidence presented or when the evidence presented is not admissible in court, i.e. evidence from unlawful searches and seizures.   The motions filed are brought before the judge and he is the one who makes the decision on the issues presented. The next phase is the disposition stage.   At this stage, the case may end in two ways, Billy may enter a guilty plea or the case may be dismissed.   However, if Billy does not enter a guilty plea, he will go to trial in which case he is given the option of a â€Å"bench trial† or a â€Å"jury trial† (CrimeVictimLaw).   The former is decided by the judge sitting in his court while the latter is decided by a jury composed of twelve randomly selected individuals.   After the trial, the next stage is the sentencing of the accused, he may be merited with imprisonment, a suspended sentence, a split sentence or he may be released on probation. In all the stages mentioned, the court that has jurisdiction is dependent on several factors.   Either he will be tried in the state court or the federal courts.   Only in cases where (1) the defendant is a resident of a different state and the case involves a significant amount of money; or (2) the case involves a question of federal law; or (3) the United States is a party to the case (Rawlings) may the federal courts be resorted to.   Thus, in the normal flow of things Billy shall be tried in the state courts only.   The state court that has general jurisdiction – handles all civil case, felony crimes, cases involving title to land, divorces and equitable actions – is the Superior Court (Rawlings). If Billy finds that there was an error in law or procedure that affected his conviction, he may file an appeal with the Georgia Court of Appeals.   The Court of Appeals is composed of 11 judges in divisions of 3.   In cases where the three judges are not in agreement, then the case shall be raised to the court en banc, or as a whole and the decision shall be based on a majority vote (Rawlings).   If in case the Georgia Court of Appeals rules against Billy, he may make an appeal to the Georgia Supreme Court.   An appeal to the Georgia Supreme Court is not a right, it is on the discretion of the Supreme Court to entertain an appeal before it. Only in cases where the Court of Appeals made a manifest error of law shall the Supreme Court give an appeal due course, wherein the nine justices of the Supreme Court shall deicide by majority vote (Rawlings).   If the Supreme Court does not entertain Billy’s appeal, the ruling of the Court of Appeals shall become final and Billy must perform what the decision orders. The structure of the federal courts are the same with state courts – decisions maybe appealed to the Federal Court of Appeals and then to the highest court of the land, the United States Supreme Court –   difference lies only on the cases that they entertain.   As with district courts, appeal to the Federal Court of Appeals is a right whereas Appeal to the United States Supreme Court is discretionary, meaning that it can pick and choose cases and hear only the non-frivolous appeals that present truly novel issues† (Wikipedia). In all the stages of appeal whether in the state courts or federal courts, it must be made clear that what can be appealed is a ruling of conviction, if in any stage of the trial a court decides that Billy is not guilty beyond reasonable doubt, he will be released and he shall be immune from another case based on the same grounds and arising from the same act. In conclusion, the United States Criminal Justice System is unique, our country has developed a way in which all states regardless of independence from one another is still bound by a greater court.   Our justice system also came up with several stages and multiple appeals as granted by the Constitution to a defendant to guarantee that every man has his day in court and that he can aptly defend himself.   It provides that due process shall be given to each and everyone regardless of crime and race. References CrimeVictimLaw. Stages of Prosecution. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from http://www.crimevictimlaw.com/criminal/stages.html Crimnet. Manslaughter. Retrieved January 8, 2008, from http://law.anu.edu.au/criminet/tmans.html North Carolina v. Hudson. Retrieved January 8, 2008, from http://www.aoc.state.nc.us/www/public/sc/opinions/1997/356-96-1.htm Stages of Prosecution. Retrieved January 8, 2008, from Law Offices of Jennifer Monroe: http://www.exclusivelycriminaldefense.com/StagesOfProsecution.html Rawlings, Tom C. A Brief Introduction to the Judicial Structure of the United States. Retrieved January 8, 2008, from www.tomrawlings.com/judicial%20structure.doc Wikipedia. United States Federal Courts. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_courts How to cite Legal Aspects of Criminal Justice, Essay examples

The Black Cat Deranged Narrator Essay Example For Students

The Black Cat: Deranged Narrator Essay The Black Cat: Deranged NarratorThroughout the opening paragraph of The Black Cat, the reader isintroduced to a narrator who, because of his grotesque actions, has becomementally deranged and very untrustworthy, . . . my very senses reject theirown evidence. The narration of this story is in the first person, which wouldlead you to believe the narrator could be trusted to relate to you the trueevents of the story, but this is false. The narrator in this story isunreliable due to his horrid state of mind and body. The narrator cannot berelied upon to show the reader the true events of the story, these events haveto be interpreted and the reader must come to his own conclusion as to whatreally happened. We will write a custom essay on The Black Cat: Deranged Narrator specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The reader is shown in the opening paragraph that he should not trustthe narrator to deliver the true events of the story. The narrator admitsthroughout the story that his bad habits, namely alcoholism, lead to hisirrational state of mind. His alcoholism was the root of his downfall. Whileintoxicated, the narrator mutilated his favourite pet, Pluto, causing the cat tobecome terrified of his master. The alienation of his cat gave the narratoreven more cause to become mentally unstable. The hanging of his cat shows how the narrator has become obsessed withdoing evil things for the sake of their evilness. This evilness is linked tohis alcoholism. The narrator was most-likely in a drunken state when he hunghis cat, which only infuriated his temper. This separation of friends had ahuge effect on the narrators deadly temper. His temper is such that anythingthat slightly annoyed him caused him to go into fits of rage. The fits of rage which occupy the narrator for much of the story are alllinked to his pet cats. He points out that he was an animal lover in hisyounger days and the feeling was carried through into his maturity. His lovefor animals ended here. His alcoholism had driven him to avoid his animals or,when he encountered them, to physically harm them for the reason that they werethere. The narrators pet cats were the exceptions. He held his temper backfrom his cats because of his love for them. This feeling disappears after timeand the cats become the subject of his worst fits of rage. After each violent act upon his cats, the narrator did feel remorse athis actions. This feeling also disappears over time and, as it disappeared, hisrage grew. The narrator seems to have had the feeling that they (the animals)must pay for what they have done. Tiny scratches upon the narrators handnecessitated Pluto losing an eye. He also seems to be upset that his cats lovehim and want to be around him. He felt he should be the one to love them andthey should not be allowed to love. This is shown through his annoyance attheir constant presence around him.He must be the one in control, and be ableto make other things do what he wants. The fits of rage which he encountered are finally brought to aculmination when his wife stops his attempted murder of their new cat. Thenarrator is so mad at his wife that he takes the worst possible action. Hekills her. The murder of his wife seems to be the real end for the narrator. Hefeels little guilt for his actions, The guilt of my dark deed disturbed melittle. The reason for his lack of guilt is that he does not believe he hasdone anything wrong. His conscience has become so deteriorated that nothingseems to affect him anymore. .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 , .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 .postImageUrl , .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 , .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5:hover , .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5:visited , .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5:active { border:0!important; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5:active , .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5 .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56112c3679e4515db60f1c91a25e64c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus EssayWhen an outsider looks at the events of the story, it is obvious thatthe narrator is untrustworthy. The alcoholism, which affects the narrator formuch of his adult life can be seen as the root of his problems. The alcoholismleads to other problems in his life, such as his horrible fits of rage, and hisutter disliking of his once prized pets. In his mentally deranged state, thenarrator cannot be trusted to deliver the true events of the story. Thereforethe reader must take it upon himself to interpret the events of the story andcome up with his own conclusion as to what really happened, and why theyhappened. English

Euthanasia is Justifiable

Euthanasia is Justifiable Do you want to save your sick mother or just let her die? In Netherlands, the practice of euthanasia, relieves the dying or suffering or pain. They say that we have the regret to have the right to live.Euthanasia is divided into two. First, active euthanasia is euthanasia used because of the patient willing. Second, passive euthanasia is euthanasia used because of the offering of a doctor. What is Euthanasia? It is the practice of killing person who is suffering from a disease that couldn't be cured without pain. As we realize by killing a person, we violate his right to live. That is human right. Although we know that human rights also include the rights of the human to do what he deserves, it doesn't mean that we can everything we want because there are laws, which limit our wish to do what we like.English: Philip Nitschke campaigner for the human ...Country laws ban their own citizens to kill people; there is no rule, which stated that ,"You can kill people". Humans' lives can't b e taken as we like. In religion we know that all humans; lives are God decision. Let Nature decides for itself. Everything happening in the world has its own purpose and all plantation, including suffering. Why do people suffer? Because we have violated the nature's balance. We cut trees and what have we got, floods and land slides. Some people come into the state of commas because of wrong lifestyles. Wouldn't it be better to invent better methods of treatment than killing off the patient? Some doctors are subjunctive. He or she may think a person can't be cured but others don't. Many herbalists, Chinese practitioner, can cure untreatable diseases. So the key to find the right method of treatment for patient is not to kill him...

Pruposess of Bills in the US Congress

Pruposess of Bills in the US Congress The bill is the most commonly used form of legislation considered by the US Congress. Bills may originate in either the House of Representatives or the Senate with one notable exception provided for in the Constitution. Article I, Section 7, of the Constitution provides that all bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives but that the Senate may propose or concur with amendments. By tradition, general appropriation bills also originate in the House of Representatives. Purposes of Bills Most bills considered by Congress fall under two general categories: Budget and spending, and enabling legislation. Budget and Spending Legislation Every fiscal year, as part of the federal budget process, the House of Representatives is required to create several â€Å"appropriations† or spending bills authorizing the expenditure of funds for the daily operations and special programs of all federal agencies. Federal grant programs are typically created and funded in the appropriations bills. In addition, the House may consider â€Å"emergency spending bills,† which authorize the expenditure of funds for purposes not provided for in annual appropriations bills. While all budget- and spending-related bills must originate in the House of Representatives, they must also be approved by the Senate and signed by the president as required by the legislative process. Enabling Legislation By far the most prominent and often controversial bills considered by Congress, â€Å"enabling legislation† empower appropriate federal agencies to create and enact federal regulations intended to implement and enforce the general law created by the bill. For example, the Affordable Care Act – Obamacare – empowered the Department of Health and Human Services, and several of its sub-agencies to create what are now hundreds of federal regulations to enforce the intent of the controversial national health care law. While enabling bills create the overall values of the law, such as civil rights, clean air, safer cars, or affordable health care, it is the massive and rapidly-growing collection of federal regulations that actually define and enforce those values. Public and Private Bills There are two types of billspublic and private. A public bill is one that affects the public generally. A bill that affects a specified individual or a private entity rather than the population at large is called a private bill. A typical private bill is used for relief in matters such as immigration and naturalization and claims against the United States. A bill originating in the House of Representatives is designated by the letters H.R. followed by a number that it retains throughout all its parliamentary stages. The letters signify House of Representatives and not, as is sometimes incorrectly assumed, House resolution. A Senate bill is designated by the letter S. followed by its number. The term companion bill is used to describe a bill introduced in one chamber of Congress that is similar or identical to a bill introduced in the other chamber of Congress. One More Hurdle: The Presidents Desk A bill that has been agreed to in identical form by both the House and Senate becomes the law of the land only after: The President of the United States signs it; orThe president fails to return it, with objections, to the chamber of Congress in which it originated, within 10 days (Sundays excepted) while Congress is in session; orThe presidents veto is overridden by a 2/3 vote in each chamber of Congress. A bill does not become law without the presidents signature if Congress, by their final adjournment, prevents its return with objections. This is known as a pocket veto.

Just In Time In Operation Management Research Paper

Just In Time In Operation Management - Research Paper Example The system is not efficient and thus, JIT proposed the use of the demand-pull system. The demand-pull system is based on the notion that work should flow â€Å"to a work center only if that work center needs more work. If a work center is already occupied with work activity, the upstream work center should stop production until the downstream work center communicates a need for more material† (Burnett and Pesch 2). Within the JIT environment, emphasis on maintaining high usage is eliminated. The JIT environment focus is on dealing with the challenges that face the overall success of the factory; these challenges include quality improvement, waste elimination, and setup time reduction (Burnett and Pesch 2). Uniform Plant Loading The effective practice of JIT indicates possessing the correct quantities of the right products at the right time and the right place. Reducing the setup times permits the company to manufacture product mix and quantities demanded at the current time (B urnett and Pesch 2). Cellular Flow Layouts Repetitive process layouts are important in eliminating activities that add no value and thus, switching to a JIT environment. Intermittent layouts are not effective since they are filled with low visibility, uncertainty, and complexity. On the other hand, cell layouts enhance JIT goals through featuring high visibility, fast throughout times, and unidirectional product flows. Multifunctional workers are assigned individual cells and the responsibility and organization of the product produced. Workers in the cell environment tend to possess a huge sense of pride and ownership in the work environment. The thorough understanding of the production process enhances the chances for the workers to give ideas on improving the production process (Burnett and...Repetitive process layouts are important in eliminating activities that add no value and thus, switching to a JIT environment. Intermittent layouts are not effective since they are filled wit h low visibility, uncertainty, and complexity. On the other hand, cell layouts enhance JIT goals through featuring high visibility, fast throughout times, and unidirectional product flows. Multifunctional workers are assigned individual cells and the responsibility and organization of the product produced. Workers in the cell environment tend to possess a huge sense of pride and ownership in the work environment. The thorough understanding of the production process enhances the chances for the workers to give ideas on improving the production process (Burnett and Pesch 3). Inventory Decrease to Expose Waste Inventory entails numerous waste practices such as long setup times, weak vendors, bad quality, and poor equipment. By steadily reducing the inventory, the production system weaknesses are revealed and solved one by one. The machines can be better maintained or replaced, delivery and vendor quality can be enhanced, quality practices can be adopted, equipment and labor can be laid out in an efficient manner, and the machine set up methods can be streamlined. The improvements permit the company to operate with less costs, quicker response times in order to meet consumer needs, and less inventory (Burnett and Pesch 2). Rapid Steps to Decrease Lot Sizes

Book and Movie 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Book and Movie 2 - Essay Example about the pneumonic plague would trigger irrational fear and force those infected into hiding whereby, they would go on long vacations further spreading the disease (Kazan). Tony Hillerman’s â€Å"The First Eagle†, concurs with Elia’s representation of communicable diseases; however, his focus is on â€Å"Black death† (contracting the pneumonic plague from exposure to infected dead tissue). Communicable diseases are highly contagious, which necessitates timely and adequate containment before an outbreak that indiscriminately attacks the population (CDC). Discussed below is transmission, shift in vector location, and pollution spread of the bacterium that causes the pneumonic plague as portrayed in Elia Kazan’s film and Hillerman’s novel. Kazan’s movie reveals that some pathogens remain active in dead tissues (corpses), which have not undergone proper sanitization procedures aimed at suppressing the pathogens viability or infectious nature. The pneumonic plague, which represents the disease featured in the movie is one such example. Research by the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies Yersinia pestis as the bacterium responsible for causing the pneumonic plague. The disease attacks the respiratory system aggressively. Transmission of the disease occurs either from human to human or from animals to humans. Transmission through the former (primary transmission) occurs when a non-infected person inhales air exhaled by an infected person or when a non-infected person is exposed to infected dead tissue. Conversely, animal to human transmission occurs when a non-infected individual eats an infected animal or is exposed to fleas on the infected animal; for example, a 2006 World Health Organizat ion (WHO) study revealed that pneumonic plague infection in Northwest China resulted from human contact with fleas from infected animals during hunting expeditions (CDC). â€Å"Black Death†, is the name given to transmission of the pneumonic plague

Report on manpower planning and barriers

Report on manpower planning and barriers This report aims to present the manpower planning which consisting estimating manpower, job analysis, recruitment, selection and training. Also, we will present barriers of implement of manpower planning and suggest solution to the barriers. Finally, we will structure a training session. Introduction Since the company not had consistency good finance results. All systems of the company are decided to upgrade, and each group company will have same package so the group can co0ordinate all the subsidiaries. We must improve the manpower planning 3.0 Manpower Planning The centrality of manpower in production process of corporate entities has long been acknowledged by organization managers and administrators. It is an on-going process (integrated approach), not a once and for all phenomenon. Its process involves interrelated activities and the plan must continue to be modified to meet prevailing circumstances. As a plan, it is embedded with implementation programmes designed to ensure availability of adequate qualified persons. Such implementation programmes include recruitment and selection (employment) of required skilled personnel to perform jobs that will allow the enterprise meet both the corporate and individual goals. The plan implementation programme also entails training and development of personnel and performance appraisal as well as other related personnel administration functions. The term Manpower Planning at organizational or corporate level is also known as micro-human resources planning and it has much to do with personnel management or personnel administration. The terms manpower, human resource, and personnel management or personnel administration refer to the same activities concerned with managing people at work. As such the terms can be used interchangeably. On this basis, Manpower Planning and Human Resources Planning are the same phenomenon. The main benefits or purposes of manpower planning are: (i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To control labour costs and enhance efficiency by ensuring that only the most essential and required personnel are hired and retained (ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To increase productivity by matching people with jobs that truly exists and is adequate for them.   (iii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To provide a lead time to recruit and train workers ahead of need.   Required skills are thus provided for in advance (iv)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To provide a basis for other plans, such as plans for facilities, desks and office accommodation, and assist in their formulation. (v)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To anticipate and overcome redundancies.   The information provided about future manpower surpluses and redundancies in particular area could be used by management to plan a retraining programme for those who would be rendered redundant by changes in technology and company reorganization.   Such people can then be made available for jobs in which they are needed. (vi)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To show the implications of retirements and promotion plans in terms of management development and succession planning. 4.0 Manpower Process Estimating manpower Employment or Manpower planning is the process of deciding what positions the company will have to fill, and how to fill them. Manpower planning covers all future positions from maintenance clerk to CEO. However, most companies call the process of deciding how to fill companys most important executive jobs succession planning. Employment planning should be an integral part of a firms strategic and HR planning processes. Plans to enter new businesses, build new plants, or reduce costs all influence the types of positions the firm will need to fill. That also meant they needed plans for who to hire, how to screen applicants, and when to put the plans into place. One big question is whether to fill projected openings from within or from outside the firm. In other words, should we plan to fill positions with current employees or by recruiting from outside? Each option produces its own set of HR plans. Current employees may require training, development, and coaching before theyre ready to fill new jobs. Going outside requires a decisions about what recruiting sources to use, among other things. Job analysis Job analysis is the fundamental process that forms the basis of all human resource activities. In its simplest terms, job analysis is a systematic process for gathering, documenting and analyzing data about the work required for a job. The data collected in a job analysis, and reflected through a job description, includes a description of the context and principal duties of the job, and information about the skills, responsibilities, mental models and techniques for job analysis. These include the Position Analysis, Questionnaires, which focuses on generalized human behavior and interviews, task inventories, fundamental job analysis and the job element method. Job analysis is the procedure for identifying those duties or behaviors that define a job. Aside from verifying the fairness of selection procedures, job analysis is the foundation of virtually every other area of industrial psychology, including performance appraisal training and human factors. Additionally, job analysis is the basis of job evaluation, the procedure for setting salary scales. Information about jobs can be collected in a number of ways such as potential sources: observation, individual interview, group interview, technical conference, questionnaire, diary, critical incidents, equipment design information, recording of job activities, or employee records. Possible agents to do the collecting are professional job analysis, supervisors, job incumbents, or even a camera in the work place. Recruitment Recruitment is the process of identifying the prospective employees, stimulating and encouraging them to apply for a particular job or jobs in an organization. It is a positive action as it involves inviting people to apply. The purpose is to have an inventory of eligible persons from amongst whom proper selection of the most suitable person can be made. Before you think of inviting people to apply for a job you have to decide what types of persons are to be invited and what their characteristics should be. This calls for fixing the job specifications which may also be called man specifications. Job specification will be different for each job. Physical Specifications: For certain jobs some special features may be required. For example, for assembly of a TV set or some other electronic equipment good vision is required, for a typing job you need finger dexterity, for a heavy job you need a strong, heavy and thick-set body. The particular physical abilities and skills necessary for a given job have to be specified. These may refer to height, weight, vision, finger dexterity, voice, poise, hand and foot coordination, etc. Mental Specifications: These include intelligence, memory, judgment, ability-plan, ability to estimate, to read, to write, to think and concentrate, scientific faculties, arithmetical abilities, etc. Emotional and Social Specifications: These include characteristics which will affect his working with others, like personal appearance, manners, emotional stability, aggressiveness, or submissiveness, leadership, cooperativeness, skill in dealing with others, social adaptability, etc. Behavioural Specifications: Certain management personnel at higher levels of management are expected to behave in a particular manner. These are not formally listed but have to be kept in mind during the process of recruitment, selection and placement. Besides, there are two categories of sources of supply of manpower-Internal and External. Internal Sources: These include personnel already on the pay-roll of the organization as also those who were once on the pay-roll of the company but who plan to return, or whom the company, would like to rehire. These include those who quit voluntarily or those on production lay-offs. External Sources: These sources lie outside the organization, like the new entrants to the labour force without experience. These include college students, the unemployed with a wider range of skills and abilities, the retired experienced persons, and others not in the labour force, like married women. Selection Selection is the process of examining the applicants with regard to their suitability for the given job or jobs and choosing the best from the suitable candidates and rejecting the others. Thus, you will notice that this process is negative in nature in the sense that rejection of candidates involved. It is the process of securing relevant information about an applicant to evaluate his qualification, experience and other qualities with the view of matching with the requirement of a job. It is the process of picking out the man or men best suited for the organizations requirement. The selection process involves rejection of unsuitable or less suitable applicants. This may be done at any of the successive hurdles which an applicant must cross. These hurdles act as screens designed to eliminate an unqualified applicant at any point in the process. Those who qualify a hurdle go to the next one; those who do not qualify are dropped out. The complexity of the process usually increases with the level and responsibility of the position to be filled. Initial Screening or Preliminary Interview: This is a sorting process in which prospective applicants are given the necessary information about the nature of the job and also, necessary information is elicited from the candidates about their education, experience, skill, salary expectation etc. If the candidate is found to be suitable, he is selected for further process and, if not he is eliminated. Application Scrutiny: Different types of application forms are used by the organization for different types of positions/posts. Some forms are simple, general and easily answerable, while others may require elaborate, complex and detailed information. Sometimes applications are asked in plain sheet. Application forms are designed to serve as a highly effective preliminary screening device, particularly when applications are received in direct response to an advertisement and without any preliminary interview. In our organization the applications are used in two ways: to find out on the basis of information contained there in as to the chances of success of the candidate in the job for which he is applying, and to provide a starting point for the interview. Training Systematic training and development of organization employee is the foundation of efficient and effective utilization and productivity of corporate personnel. To be effective in meeting organization goals of efficiency and increased productivity, cost-effective in operations, training must not be conducted in ad hoc and haphazard manner. It should be a deliberate policy instrument designed to meet training needs of individuals, organization and a technologically changing environment of production. The training progremmes should be appropriate and adequate to solve corporate training needs arising from the requirements of newcomers, shortfalls in employee performance, organizational change and the individual workers expressed or observed needs. Training is a learning process which aim at helping employee to acquire basic skills required for efficient execution of the functions for which employee are hired; while development deals with activities undertaken to expose employees to be able to perform additional duties of managerial and administrative nature in the near future. Training efforts are geared toward acquisition of manipulative skills, technical knowledge, problem solving ability and attitudes. While development is designed to prepare employee to assume position of responsibility of supervisory and leadership natures. The two techniques of learning are usually planned by the organization to improve competence level of employee. The third learning method is the education method. 5.0 Example of Manpower Planning A large supply company in UK wants to improve and control the unit cost. The company had designed and implemented a radical manpower change to reduce staff numbers by 20%. They using manpower forecasting methods and projecting productivity growth, they were able to reduce the number employed form 6500 to 4500 and increase productivity by the required amount. Key tools used Manpower predictive forecasting and rightsizing. Supportive training was also designed and provided. Another example is building a new business from scratch for an American company in the UK. The company is a construction company. The company post advertisements and recruitment statements which have new terms and conditions written specifically for the UK market in newspaper. 1,300 people were test, screed and interview. After consideration and selection by the company, a number of people were hired. Training courses were designed and carried for successful applicants. 6.0 Problems, Barriers and solutions to Manpower Planning Manpower development is the core element of a business that helps to shape and lead the future of any organization through the use of its people. Successful manpower development could result in high production and long-term future growth for business. However overcoming these challenges means understanding the vision of the business and how to best forecast future events in manpower planning. Planning helps management with the right number and the right kind of people at the right place in business. Hiring the Right Fit The approach to developing manpower should include hiring a person who not only has the acquired skills necessary to perform the job but also is a good fit for the organization. Organizational fits are very challenging because the individual not only has to be qualified but they must be able to adapt and adopt the culture of the organization. Accepting organizational culture is critical, because it is often a determining factor in an employee remaining with the organization. Maintaining effective manpower is equally as important to recruiting right person for the job. Employee Turnover Plan of Action Employee turnover happens for various reasons and is inevitable in manpower development. Some of the causes are controllable factors, while many of them are hard to foresee. It is harder to identify or forecast the death of an employee or an illness that leaves an employee in an incapacitated state, because it can happen at any time. Developing a plan of action in manpower development that negates these factors can be difficult. Ensuring that the employee turnover does not impact the manpower in the out years of business is the biggest dilemma. Continuing Education With constant changes in technology, business professionals need to keep up-to-date by taking courses designed to improve their technical skills and knowledge. Programs such as the Microsoft Certified Professional certification provide comprehensive training, practice and testing opportunities to business professionals seeking to further their careers. Flexible alternatives such as web-based training, coaching and mentoring or recorded multimedia sessions enable busy professionals to train for an advanced role or even a career change. Leave/ Work Schedules Offering work schedules that stay abreast of workforce trends is challenging, because it requires research and understanding of the workforce needs. If leave policies or work schedules are too lenient, it could impact the production of business in a negative way. Rising Costs Global organizations face rising costs and need to plan effectively so we can efficiently recruit and hire the best manpower, both permanent and temporary. Fewer management layers and less support staff make it more difficult to provide new employees with the personalized attention they typically need to get started. Self-paced training courses that provide details about how to use company tools, such as email or accounting systems, often replace instructor-led classroom sessions. Workers may not have an office at the same location as their manager and rely on web conferencing software instead spending the extra time and expense to travel to a common location for meetings. Employees need training and tips on how to use these alternatives effectively. Changing Priorities Companies typically set strategic goals on an annual basis. Training programs should be aligned with strategic plans. For example, if company executives want to see an increase in customer satisfaction, training professionals should focus on identifying problems in providing customer support proficiently. Then, we can design training courses and career development opportunities that help employees learn the best techniques for troubleshooting problems and handling customer complaints skillfully. Once operational metrics improve, the focus may change to other areas, such as reducing product defects or eliminating waste. 7.0   Training Session Plan TRAINING SESSION PLAN COURSE: Approaches to manpower planning in a property orientated business SESSION: 2 COURSE OBJECTIVE: Give theoretical and practical approach to manpower planning with the industry LEARNING OUTCOMES: Improvement the manpower planning of the company DURATION: 4 hours EQUIPMENT: Computer, Projector, White Board and Marker Pens TIME ITEM AID INTRODUCTION 9.00 Background Course objectives Session objectives W/B TOPIC 1 9.15 Manpower Planning Estimating manpower, job analysis, Recruitment, Selection System, Training 10.30 Examples of the manpower planning of other companies 11.00 Break TOPIC 2 11.30 Barriers and solutions to the manpower planning summary and close 12.30 Review Topics The Training course is about four hours. We wil separate the course into two part by a short break. The first part will introduce the manpower planning and introduce some example of the manpower planning. After the break, we will talk about the barriers and solution to the manpower planning. Finally, we will have a review and questioning session. 8.0 Conclusion The manpower planning must introduce to the company to improve the situation of the company. Good planning can bring the company raise the income and increase efficiency output.

Discuss the value of chemistry in society

For some time in the modern world, and especially subsequent to the events of September 11th, there has been a wave of concern regarding chemistry and its potential destructive powers. There are many people who hold a fearful attitude towards the chemical industry and its products. This is because the threat of chemical and bio-chemical weapons is very real and is a negative aspect of the business. Also it is often deemed environmentally unfriendly and unsafe for the nearby public. However it is far wider believed that the pros outweigh the cons massively. To display this I have produced a case study on Glaxo Smith Kline. Read this Practice Test Chem 105 Background Glaxo Smith Kline, based in the UK, is one of the pharmaceutical industry leaders, with an estimated seven per cent of the world's pharmaceutical market and declare a global quest to improve the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer. This shows just how people based the company is despite its huge size. GSK is also involved in four major therapeutic areas – anti-infectives, central nervous system (CNS), respiratory and gastro-intestinal/metabolic. In addition, it is a leader in the important area of vaccines and has a growing range of oncology products and treatments. The company also has a Consumer Healthcare section comprising over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, oral care products and nutritional healthcare drinks, all of which are among the market leaders. Employees and Employment GSK GSK has over 100,000 employees worldwide. Of these, over 40,000 are in sales and marketing, the largest sales force in the industry. Over 42,000 employees work at 104 manufacturing sites in 40 countries and over 16,000 are in R;D. R;D is based at 24 sites in seven countries. The company has a leading position in genomics/genetics and new drug discovery technologies. The GSK R;D budget is about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.4bn. Implications This shows that the industry is a great employer for many job types, including lab technicians, researchers, doctors, I.T. staff, biologists and others. It also employs testers for development of drugs and measure side effects on human patients. This is where much of the development money goes as the patients are only willing to be test subjects for quite large fees due to the potentially harmful side effects. Health and Safety GSK They take health and safety really seriously as GSK. Because a lot of the work that goes on involves highly flammable organic solvents, no heating is done with naked flames (there is only one Bunsen burner in the entire plant, and that is used by the glass blower for shaping pieces of glassware.) In the research labs heating will be done using electric mantles or electrically heated oil baths. However, in the ‘scale-up' plant, where large volumes of soluble materials are used, even electrical heating is not allowed because of the danger of sparks. Instead they heat vessels by passing a pre-heated liquid through an outer jacket around the vessel. No mobile phones or any electrical equipment are allowed inside in case they generated sparks which could ignite any flammable vapours. In the corridors outside the research laboratories there are emergency showers for people to use in the event of a chemical spillage and Hazard warnings are displayed everywhere. All chemicals have hazard-warning labels. Most pieces of equipment have warning labels on them. Details of every experiment were displayed where the experiment was carried out. A full risk assessment is done on any process before it is carried out. If any particularly hazardous materials are being used, a notice is displayed on the outside of the lab and entry is restricted to authorised personnel. In school we sometimes wear gloves when using chemicals. At GSK gloves are used routinely. There are various grades of gloves to chose from, depending on the nature of the chemicals being used. The different grades are colour coded. The researcher has to specify which gloves to use in the risk assessment. Implications These near perfect safety precautions go a long way to proving that the chemical industry is really very safe and does not pose as much danger to the public as is often thought by many people. With the help of modern technology and careful planning the industry, it has become safer than many school science classes! Drug Development GSK GSK spends millions of pounds each year on research and development. It costs something in the region of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½450,000,000 to produce a new medicine. The process of developing a new medicine takes about 10 years. Research usually begins with genetic research, which identifies the proteins involved in the disease. Then thousands of compounds will be tested to see if they react with the protein involved in the disease. This process is highly automated, using compounds stored in the automated chemical store. From this the best compound is identified. This will be the compound, which reacts best with the protein. This will not yet be good enough to be used as a therapeutic drug though. It may be too soluble to stay in the body for long; it may be too insoluble to get into the blood stream. It may be toxic, or have other characteristics that make it unsuitable for use as a drug. The next step is to modify compounds structure so that it has as near perfect properties as possible. For example, to make the compound less water-soluble so that it stays in the body for longer, large organic side groups could be added to the structure. (When penicillin was first discovered it was extremely water-soluble so was very quickly passed out of the body in the urine. Because penicillin was in such short supply it had to be recovered from the urine and recycled!) Once a suitable compound has been found the next problem is to scale up production from milligram's to grams then to kilogram's At this point the drug will need to be tested on living tissue (cells, not usually whole animals) So far this process will have taken 4-5 years. Scaling up production has lots of difficulties associated with it. Reactions that work well on a milligram scale may not work on a 20 kg scale. There may be difficulties associated with weighing, heating, stirring, transferring, cooling and purifying. Ways of solving all these difficulties have to be found. The drug will then enter the clinical trials stage. At first it will only be tested for side effects in a few healthy volunteers. It will then be used in trials in patients with the disease. If successful the drug will then be licensed for use and made generally available. Even after this point the drug must be monitored. Implications There is a massive amount of money being poured into the chemical industry by investors. This is good for the stock market and the global economy, the employees of the company and the public who will need the developed drugs. It is a very safe system and those who are put at risk do so by their own admission. The testers are paid quite large lump sums for testing if the drug has any side effects and are usually young healthy men and women at university or college. Very little testing on animals is being carried out any more. There is testing on animal tissue, but this is done on a very small scale and animals are rarely harmed. This is a great step for the industry, which for some time has been beset by animal rights groups protesting their actions. Also the time taken for the drug to be developed is good for job stability for the researchers and developers who are needed far beyond the initial stages of production. Environmental Issues GSK All solvents are collected in large containers under the benches of each lab. When these are full they are taken away and dealt with in a way appropriate to the particular solvent. All waste from the labs is treated as being contaminated and is incinerated. The ash from this is disposed of in landfill sites. Potentially a very large volume of water would be put into the local sewage system. To avoid overloading the system, GSK have installed a recycling system where the water that passes through condensers is reused in a closed system. This also of course saves water. There are no sinks in any of the labs so that nothing can be poured away like is practiced in schools. They are very environmentally friendly. Implications This is great for the environment as nothing is thrown away. It is all dealt with carefully and the industry is becoming far more eco-friendly than in the past. Conclusion From my case study of Glaxo Smith Kline I have found that the industry is in reform. It is becoming far safer and there are many less ethical issues than ever before. Animal testing is low and the environment is finally being preserved. The industry is good for the economy and employs many people from college and university graduates to product test subjects. The pros of chemistry in society far outweigh the cons and this is illustrated perfectly in Glaxo Smith Kline.

A Perfect Summer At The Beach - 949 Words

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Historical and Financial Analysis of General Mills

HISTORICAL AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS GENERAL MILLS (GIS) DUPONT ANALYSIS When analyzing the DuPont model, we determined that GIS has a higher profit margin, low asset turnover ratio, and low financial leverage versus the industry average, leading GIS not to perform with the same efficiency as the Industry Composite. GIS’s return on equity (ROE) was 28.25% in 2011, dipped to 24.41% in 2012, and then rose to 27.80% in 2013. GIS three-year average ROE of 26.82% is below the industry three-year median of 30.78%. This is largely attributable to a decrease on Equity due to the acquisitions that began on 2011. GIS asset turnover ratio remained steady for the past three years with a median of 0.79; however, competitors achieved a higher asset turnover ratio, of 1.07. 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